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Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus (January 14, 38 BC〔Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, Claudius, 11. Suetonius makes reference that Mark Antony and Drusus shared the same birthday〕 – Summer of 9 BC〔Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, Claudius, 1〕), born Decimus Claudius Drusus also called Drusus Claudius Nero,〔(De Imperatoribus Romanis - An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors, Tiberius (A.D. 14-37), written by Garrett G. Fagan of Pennsylvania State University )〕 Drusus, Drusus I, Nero Drusus, or Drusus the Elder was a Roman politician and military commander. He was a patrician Claudian on his legal father's side but his maternal grandmother was from a plebeian family. He was the son of Livia Drusilla and the legal stepson of her second husband, the Emperor Augustus. He was also brother of the Emperor Tiberius, father to both the Emperor Claudius and general Germanicus, paternal grandfather of the Emperor Caligula, and maternal great-grandfather of the Emperor Nero. He launched the first major Roman campaigns across the Rhine and began the conquest of Germania, becoming the first Roman general to reach the Weser and Elbe rivers. In 12 BC, Drusus led a successful campaign into Germania, subjugating the Sicambri. Later that year he led a naval expedition against Germanic tribes along the North Sea coast, conquering the Batavi and the Frisii, and defeating the Chauci near the mouth of the Weser. In 11 BC, he conquered the Usipetes and the Marsi, extending Roman control to the Upper Weser. In 10 BC, he launched a campaign against the Chatti and the resurgent Sicambri, subjugating both. The following year he conquered the Mattiaci, while defeating the Marcomanni and the Cherusci, defeating the latter near the Elbe. However, Drusus died later that year, depriving Rome of one of its best generals. ==Childhood== Drusus was the youngest son of Livia Drusilla from her marriage to Tiberius Claudius Nero, who was legally declared his father before the couple divorced. Drusus was born between mid-March and mid-April 38 BC, three months after Livia married Augustus on 17 January.〔Donna W. Hurley, ''Suetonius: Divus Claudius'' (Cambridge University Press, 2001), (p. 106 )〕 A date of March 28 has been proposed as his most likely birthday.〔G. Radke, "Der Geburtstag des älteren Drusus," ''Wurzburger Jahrbucher fur die Altertumswissenschaft'' 4 (1978), pp. 211–213, proposing a solution to the chronological difficulties created by a passage in Suetonius. At ''Divus Claudius'' (11.3 ), Suetonius says that Claudius as emperor commemorated the birthday ''(dies natalis)'' of his father Drusus on the same date as that of Mark Antony, his maternal grandfather, whose birthday on January 14, ca. 83 BC, had been decreed as a "defective" day ''(dies vitiosus)'' by Augustus (Cassius Dio (51.9.3 )). Since Drusus's birth is also recorded as occurring within the third month after Livia's marriage to Augustus on January 17, Radke proposes that Claudius used the astronomical discrepancies between the pre-Julian calendar under which Antony was born and the Julian calendar in effect at the time of Drusus' birth, to show that had the two been born under the same calendar, they would have shared a birthday.〕 Rumours arose that Augustus was the child's real father, although this has never been authoritatively proven. Claudius, however, encouraged the rumor during his reign as emperor to create an impression of more direct lineage from Augustus. According to Suetonius, Drusus was originally given ''Decimus'' as his ''praenomen'', the first of a Roman male's conventional three names in Roman naming practice at the time. ''Nero'' was a traditional ''cognomen'' (third name) of the Claudii, whereas ''Drusus'' was given to a branch of the ''gens Livia''. Using a ''cognomen'' such as ''Nero'' as a first name was unusual, as was the prominence given to his maternal lineage in adopting ''Drusus'' as his ''cognomen''. Drusus was raised in Claudius Nero's house with his brother, the future emperor Tiberius, until his legal father's death. The two brothers developed a famously close relationship that would last the rest of their lives. Tiberius named his eldest son after his brother, and Drusus did likewise, although eldest sons were usually named after their father or grandfather. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nero Claudius Drusus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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